Hawaiian, an indigenous language, and is a critically endangered Polynesian language within the Austronesian language family with relatively small dialectal differences among the Hawaiian islands. The Hawaiian language has a rich oral history, like Maori, and was not written down until the 18th century. It was the primary language spoken by Native Hawaiians for centuries before Western influence reached the islands. With the arrival of British Captain James Cook in 1778 and subsequent European and American settlers, Hawaiian was increasingly replaced by English. The formalization of this decline began in the late 19th century when the Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in 1893, leading to the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898. During this period, English was made the official language, and the Hawaiian language was systematically suppressed in schools and government, contributing to a significant decline in its speakers.
 

In the late 20th century, Hawaiian experienced a revival thanks to cultural and political movements that aimed to preserve the language. Efforts to revitalize Hawaiian included the establishment of Hawaiian language immersion schools in the 1980s and the promotion of Hawaiian as an official language of Hawaii in 1978, alongside English. This revival has led to increased recognition and usage of Hawaiian in both cultural and governmental contexts. Despite challenges, Hawaiian continues to grow in use, particularly among younger generations, ensuring its survival as an integral part of Hawaii's identity and heritage. And in 2018, Evertype published Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in Hawaiian. The book was translated by R. Keao NeSmith and is only available in softcover. 
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