Mongolian is part of the Mongolic language family and has a long and complex history, evolving over many centuries. Its earliest form can be traced back to the Middle Ages, particularly during the 13th century when the Mongol Empire expanded under Genghis Khan. The language was initially written using the Old Mongolian script, which was derived from the Uighur script, introduced during the Mongol Empire’s rise. Over the centuries, Mongolian has undergone significant changes in terms of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary due to contact with other languages, such as Chinese, Russian, and Turkic languages. It became the official language of the Mongol Empire, though different regions spoke dialects and influenced the development of the language.

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In the 20th century, Mongolia underwent major political and cultural shifts, impacting the language. After the 1921 revolution, Soviet influence led to the introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet in 1941, replacing the traditional script. This change helped modernize the language but also led to the loss of some linguistic features. Despite this, the Mongolian language remained a key part of national identity. Today, Mongolian is spoken by millions of people in Mongolia and parts of China, and efforts to revive and preserve its traditional script have been gaining momentum in recent years.